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Using VMware VisualEsxtop

May 1, 2014 ESXTOP + RESXTOP No comments

What is VMware VisualEsxtop?

VisualEsxtop is an enhanced version of resxtop and esxtop which are the original default performance tools accessed via Putty/SSH into your VMware Hosts. VisualEsxtop is a GUI based tool which can connect to VMware vCenter Server or ESX hosts, and display ESX server stats with a better user interface and more advanced features.You must have ESX 3.5 or above. Works with vCenter Server 4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.5 Make sure Java 1.6 is in the PATH.

Features

Live connection to ESX host or vCenter Server
Flexible way of batch output
Load batch output and replay them
Multiple windows to display different data at the same time
Line chart for selected performance counters
Flexible counter selection and filtering
Embedded tooltip for counter description
Color coding for important counters

Link

https://labs.vmware.com/flings/visualesxtop

Instructions

Go the the web link above and download VisualEsxtop
Run visualEsxtop.sh (linux) or visualEsxtop.bat (Windows)

If you get the below message then you will need to download Java and install it
https://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

The following screen will appear
Select Connect to Live Server

Put in your host or your vCenter Server

Once the connection is established, you will be redirected to the VisualEsxtop home screen. Double click the Object Types to open up the whole menu

Click through each of the tabs to see what you have
CPU

Memory

Network

You can go through the rest of the tabs to see what you have
If you look at the Filter section, you can narrow it down to the VM you want to look at as well. See below

You can change the interval as well

Type in the interval you want

Other options including Saving and Loading Batch Output

VMware vCenter 5 Attributes and Tags

January 31, 2014 vCenter No comments

What are Tags?

Tags allow you to attach metadata to objects in the vSphere inventory to make these objects more sortable and searchable. A tag is a label that you can apply to objects in the vSphere inventory. When you create a tag, you assign that tag to a category.

What are Categories?

Categories allow you to group related tags together. When you define a category, you can also specify which object types its tags can be applied to and whether more than one tag in the category can be applied to an object. For example, if you wanted to tag your virtual machines by guest operating system type, you could create a category called ‘operating system’, and specify that it applies to virtual machines only and that only a single tag can be applied to a virtual machine at any time. The tags in this category could be “Windows”, “Linux”, and “Mac OS”.

Tagging replaces the custom attributes functionality found in previous versions of vCenter Server. If you have existing custom attributes, you can convert them into tags.

Migrate Custom Attributes to Tags

Tags replace the custom attributes functionality found in previous versions of vSphere. If you have existing custom attributes, you can migrate them to tags.

During the migration

The custom attribute names are converted to categories.
Custom attribute values are converted to tag names.

Procedure

In the vSphere Web Client object navigator, browse to Home
Click Tags
Click Convert Custom Attributes

Select the Custom Attributes you want to migrate

Create Tag Categories
You can change the Category Name
Choose the Cardinality. For example, if you wanted to tag your virtual machines by Function, you could create a category called ‘Function’, and specify that it applies to virtual machines only and that only a single or multiple tag can be applied to a virtual machine at any time. The tags in this category could be “Application”, “Database”, “Active Directory”, “DNS” and “Web”.
In my case, I may want to assign 2 Functions to one VM so I will choose Many Tags per object. E.g Active Directory and DNS Server
Choose the Associable Object Types which could be anything from Datacenter, Cluster, Datastore or All Objects. In this case I would choose VM which you can see if you scroll down on this option

Next Create Tags. Check you are happy with the Tag name

You are now ready to complete. Click Finish

Now if you click on Tags > Items, you should see the Migrated Custom Attribute

Optimising SQL Server for VMware vCenter

July 19, 2013 SQL Server, vCenter No comments

SQL Modifications

I am using Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 running on Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. It is always worth having some knowledge about your Database software whether it be Oracle, SQL or DB2 etc and worth knowing how to optimise this software to work correctly for VMware vCenter whilst maintaining backups and maintenance plans for further minimization of issues and/or performance problems

Memory

Right-click the topmost SQL Server object, usually named with the machine name or local.
Choose Properties.
Choose the Memory page.
Set “Maximum Server Memory (in MB)” to something useful for the server. Probably something like 25%-50% of the RAM on the host.
The more memory you can give it the better, as the database will cache data in RAM, but you also want to leave room in RAM for the OS (2 GB) and some file cache.

Recovery Model

Right-click the relevant Database in SQl Management Studio
Click Properties
Select Options
Set the Recovery Model to “Simple.” Click OK.

Configure Microsoft SQL Server TCP/IP for JDBC

If the Microsoft SQL Server database has TCP/IP disabled and the dynamic ports are not set, the JDBC connection remains closed. The closed connection causes the vCenter Server statistics to malfunction. You can configure the server TCP/IP for JDBC.

This task applies to remote Microsoft SQL Server database servers. You can skip this task if your database is local.

Select Start > All Programs > Microsoft SQL Server > Configuration Tool > SQL Server Configuration Manager
Select SQL Server Network Configuration
Protocols for Instance name
Enable TCP/IP
Open TCP/IP Properties and set the entries as per the below screen print
Click on the IP Addresses tab

Restart the SQL Server service from SQL Server Configuration Manager > SQL Server Services.
Start the SQL Server Browser service from SQL Server Configuration Manager > SQL Server Services.

Maintenance of your SQL Server Databases

Start the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio again and log in as the sa user. Open the Management folder.

Right-click Maintenance Plans. Select Maintenance Plan Wizard.

Click Next
On the Select Plan Properties page give it the name WeeklyMaintenancePlan. Select Single schedule for the entire plan or no schedule

Click the Change button to pick when you want it to run.

Schedule the job to occur when there is little occurring on the system. E.g No backups or antivirus scanning
Click Next and choose your Maintenance Tasks

Select the order for the Maintenance Tasks to run in

For Define Database Integrity Check Select All databases, including indexes.
You have the choices below

Click OK and it will bring you back to the Define Database Integrity Check

For Define Reorganize Index select All databases, compact large objects.

For Define Rebuild Index select All Databases, reorganize pages with the default amount of free space. Also check Keep index online while reindexing. Note: The Keep index online option appears to be an Enterprise version feature, and you may see failures with it enabled on other SQL Server versions.

For Define Update Statistics select All Databases, all existing statistics, full scan

Next on the Define Backup Database (Full) Task, enter the following

Backup Type = Full
Databases = All Databases
Backup Set will expire after = 14 Days
Backup to Disk = Selected
Create a backup file for every Database = Selected
Choose a folder according to where you want to back up
Backup File Extension = bak
Set backup compression = Use the default server settings. The Compress Backup option seems like a good one but it isn’t supported on 64-bit SQL Server. It’ll let you set it, then fail on execution
Next Define Maintenance Cleanup Task

Delete files of the following type = Backup Files
Search Folder and delete files based on an extension = Choose your backup folder
File extension = bak
File age = 4 weeks or your choice
Next you are on to the Report Options Page

Check the Summaries and Click Finish

Go into the Maintenance Plans folder now, right click on this job, and choose Execute to see if it runs. Check the logs if it doesn’t.
Your location may be different but as a rough guide, the log location is c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Log

Defragmenting VirtualCenter performance data indexes on a Microsoft SQL database

For troubleshooting or maintenance purposes it may be necessary to defragment the indexes on your Microsoft SQL database server.
Fragmentation of indexes occurs when the logical order of pages is different from the physical order on the disk. In VirtualCenter fragmentation occurs most noticeably due to the statistics collection and consolidation.

When the indexes are excessively fragmented, performance of queries to the VirtualCenter database is slow.

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1003990

Warning: If you do not have experienced DB administrators, shutdown the VMware VirtualCenter Server service and do a backup prior to performing any kind of database maintenance. If you have experienced DB administrators you can do the tasks online

Regular Reorganize Database Task

One of the performance suggestions buried in the VMware KB is to regularly reorganize the indexes, since the historical statistics tables get unwieldy. You can do this manually or schedule a job to do it by running the Maintenance Plan Wizard. Choose only Reorganize Indexes and set the schedule to recur every six hours, every day (or however often you want.This keeps the logical fragmentation of the indices down.

Click through the pages of the wizard until you get to “Define Reorganize Index Task.” Have it only reindex VCDB, choose “Tables and views” in the Object selection, and check “Compact large objects.” Click through until you’re done.

Using VMware’s Host Agent Pre Upgrade Checker and Database Pre Upgrade Checker

July 17, 2013 Upgrading No comments

About the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker

The vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker produces a report showing known issues that might prevent a successful upgrade of the vCenter Host Agent software.

To ensure a successful upgrade to vCenter Server 5, you must diagnose and fix any potential problems on the managed ESX/ESXi hosts. You can run the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker for in-place upgrades from vCenter Server 4.x to vCenter Server 5.0

vCenter Host Agent runs on all managed ESX/ESXi hosts. This software coordinates actions received from vCenter Server. When you add a host to vCenter Server, the agent is installed on the physical ESX/ESXi host. When you upgrade to vCenter Server 5, the agent residing on each ESX/ESXi host must be upgraded as well.

During a vCenter Server upgrade, the existing agent software is uninstalled and the updated agent software is installed in its place. If the upgrade fails, the updated agent software might not be installed and the host might become unreachable by VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later, vCenter Server 4.x, or by vCenter Server 5.0. To avoid this condition, you can run the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker before you try to upgrade to vCenter Server 5.

The vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker checks to make sure that the agent software is ready to be upgraded. Some of the checks include checking to make sure that the host is reachable, the disk space is sufficient, the network is functioning, the file system is intact, and required patches are applied. Each time you run the tool, the system queries VMware.com and downloads any new updates for the tool. This action ensures that as new upgrade issues are discovered, the tool remains as useful as possible

Important

A successful vCenter Host Agent pre-upgrade check does not guarantee a successful upgrade to vCenter Server 5. An upgrade to vCenter Server involves multiple components, and the tool checks only one component: the vCenter Host Agent. Also, the tool checks only known issues. Other issues might be present that the tool does not check.

The vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker does not fix the reported issues. You must resolve the reported issues manually and rerun the tool to verify that the issues are resolved.

Run the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker

Prerequisites

Verify that VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later or vCenter Server is installed on a Windows machine that is supported by vCenter Server 5.
Verify that the VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or vCenter Server machine has a DSN configured that is compatible with vCenter Server 5.
Verify that the VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or vCenter Server database is supported by vCenter Server 5. If necessary, upgrade the database to work with vCenter Server 5. The MSDE database was supported in experimental mode in VirtualCenter Server 2.0.x, but is not supported in vCenter Server 5. The vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker will not detect the database. Upgrade to a supported database before using the tool. See Supported Database Upgrades.
Verify that the ESX/ESXi hosts are managed by VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later or by vCenter Server. Verify that VirtualCenter Agent or vCenter Host Agent software is running on each managed ESX/ESXi host.
Verify that Microsoft .NET Framework Version 2.0 is installed on the VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later system.
Verify that you have Internet connectivity from the VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later or vCenter Server system. This allows new updates to be applied to the tool and allows you to view the reports and the Knowledge Base (KB) articles associated with the reports.

Procedure

On the VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later or vCenter Server system you are upgrading from, download the vCenter Server 5 installation package or insert the vCenter Server 5 installation DVD. Take one of the following actions to start the Pre-Upgrade Checker.

In the installation package or on the DVD, navigate to \vpx\agentupgradecheck and run the AgentUpgradeChecker.exe executable file.
Start the vCenter Server installer autorun.exe and select vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker from the Utility list.

Next

Select the DSN for the VirtualCenter or vCenter Server system you are upgrading from and select the login credentials that are appropriate for that DSN.
If you are not sure which credential type to select, check which authentication type is configured for the DSN (Control Panel > Administrative Tools > ODBC Data Sources > System DSN). If the DSN requires a login for the credential type in use, enter a user name and password and click Next.
Select an option for scanning all hosts or specific hosts.

Click Run Precheck.The tool takes 30-40 seconds for each host.
When the check is complete, click Next.
View the pre-upgrade reports.
To view the report for an individual host, click the link next to the host name.
To view a summary report for all hosts, click View Report.

You have a list of issues to resolve before you upgrade to vCenter Server 5

From the report, use the linked KB articles to research and resolve the issues for each host. After you resolve the issues, rerun the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker. Repeat this process until you resolve all the reported issues, and proceed with your upgrade to vCenter Server 5.

VMware’s Database Pre Upgrade Checker

Before you upgrade vCenter Server, you can run the VMware vCenter Server Database Pre-Upgrade Checker on your current vCenter Server database to reveal problems that could prevent the upgrade or affect the performance of your database after the upgrade. You can use the Pre-Upgrade Checker for these upgrades:

On a VirtualCenter 2.5 Update 6 or later database before you upgrade to vCenter Server 4.x.
On a vCenter Server 4.0.x database before you upgrade to vCenter Server 4.1.x, 5.0.x, or 5.1.x.
On a vCenter Server 4.1.x database before you upgrade to vCenter Server 5.0.x or 5.1.x.
On a vCenter Server 5.0.x database before you upgrade to vCenter Server 5.1.x.

Note: You do not need to run the Pre-Upgrade Checker for minor update releases: for example, from version 4.0 to version 4.0 Update 3.

What the Pre-Upgrade Checker Checks

The Pre-Upgrade Checker compares your VCDB database signature profile with a known correct standard for your VCDB database version. A database signature profile is a representation of database structure and dependent objects. The Pre-Upgrade Checker creates a signature profile configuration file for your existing (pre-upgrade) database and compares it with the known correct signature profile for your VCDB database version. If the Pre-Upgrade Checker identifies a difference between your database signature profile and the known VCDB signature profile, the check fails. If your VCDB database signature profile matches the known signature profile, the check verifies that your database can be upgraded.

The Pre-Upgrade Checker also performs these checks.

Check for multiple schemas in the customer database.
Database user and role check. Checks that the given database user has the correct privilege to upgrade.
Table and structure check. No data checks are included in this check.
SQL compatibility mode check for Microsoft SQL Server. Determines whether the compatibility mode is set to an appropriate and supported level.

The Pre-Upgrade Checker outputs a single .zip file, which contains both the database signature file and the message log from running the Pre-Upgrade Checker.

Note: The Pre-Upgrade Checker works only with vCenter Server installations on Windows. The Pre-Upgrade Checker does not work with the vCenter Server Appliance

VMware Link

Follow this link for install and further information

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2004286

Installing SSO as part of the vSphere 5.x Upgrade process

July 12, 2013 SSO No comments

SSO

vSphere 5.1 introduces vCenter Single Sign On as part of the vCenter Server management infrastructure. This change affects vCenter Server installation, upgrading, and operation. Authentication by vCenter Single Sign On makes the VMware cloud infrastructure platform more secure by allowing the vSphere software components to communicate with each other through a secure token exchange mechanism, instead of requiring each component to authenticate a user separately with a directory service like Active Directory

How vCenter Single Sign-On Affects vCenter Server Upgrades

When you upgrade to vCenter Server 5.1, the upgrade process installs vCenter Single Sign-On first and then upgrades vCenter Server.
In upgrades to vCenter Server versions earlier than vCenter Server 5.1, both the local operating system users and Active Directory users that are registered with vCenter Server before the upgrade continue to work with the upgraded vCenter Server. This behavior changes in vCenter Server 5.1.
In vCenter Server 5.1, if vCenter Single Sign-On is running on a virtual machine or physical machine that is joined to an Active Directory domain, Single Sign-On will automatically discover the existing Active Directory domain and add it as an identity source during the Single Sign-On installation process. If Single Sign-On is not running on a virtual machine or physical machine that is in the same domain as Active Directory, you must use the vSphere Web Client to log in to vCenter Server and add the Active Directory domain to Single Sign-On.
If you install vCenter Single Sign-On and vCenter Server on the same physical machine or virtual machine, Single Sign-On recognizes existing local operating system users. After the upgrade, you can log in to vCenter Server with a registered local operating system user ID.
If you install vCenter Single Sign-On and vCenter Server on different hosts or virtual machines, the former local operating system users who managed login access to vCenter Server are not available to Single Sign-On.
When you install vCenter Single Sign-On in multisite mode or clustered high availability mode, all pre-upgrade permissions for local operating system users are lost. In vCenter Server 5.1, the term “local operating system users” refers to those local users in the Single Sign-On host machine instead of the vCenter Server host machine or virtual machine.
After the upgrade, if no super administrator remains (the administrative user or group for the root folder), you must provide a valid user or group to be used as super administrator during installation. This situation can occur due to changes in user stores from pre-5.1 to 5.1 versions of vSphere.

vCenter Single Sign-On Deployment Modes

vCenter Server provides several ways to deploy vCenter Single Sign-On to best serve your vSphere environment

You can deploy vCenter Single Sign-On in one of three modes.

Basic

Basic Mode installs a standalone version of vCenter Single Sign-On. Multiple vCenter Server and Inventory Service instances can point to it. If the Single Sign-On server or the virtual machine hosting the server fails, administrators cannot access vCenter Server, but ESXi hosts continue to function normally. Multiple Active Directory and OpenLDAP instances can be added as identity sources.

High Availability Cluster

Cluster Mode installs to two or more vCenter Single Sign-On Instances in High Availability mode. All instances use the same database and point to the same identity sources. Single Sign-On administrator users, when connected to vCenter Server through the vSphere Web Client, will see the primary Single Sign-On instance.

Multisite

Multisite is designed for deployments with multiple physical locations. Installing a Single Sign-On instance at each site allows fast access to local authentication-related services. Each Single Sign-On instance is connected to the local instances of the AD (LDAP) servers and has its own database with local users and groups. In each datacenter, you can install Single Sign-On in standalone or clustered mode, pointing to the identity sources in that location.

Multisite deployment is useful when a single administrator needs to administer vCenter Server instances that are deployed on geographically dispersed sites. To view all vCenter Server instances from a single vSphere Web Client, you must configure the vCenter Server instances in Linked Mode.

vCenter Single Sign On Components

vCenter Single Sign On includes these components: STS (Security Token Service), an administration server, vCenter Lookup Service, and the RSA SSPI service.

When you install vCenter Single Sign-On, the following components are deployed.

STS (Security Token Service)

The STS service issues Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) tokens. These security tokens pass information about a system user between an identity provider and a web service. This service enables a user who has logged on through vCenter Single Sign-On to use multiple web-service delivered applications without authenticating to each one.

Administration Server

The Administration Server configures the vCenter Single Sign-On server and manages users and groups.

vCenter Lookup Service

The Lookup Service contains topology information about the vSphere infrastructure, enabling vSphere components to connect to each other securely.

RSA SSPI service

The Security Support Provider Interface ia a Microsoft Windows based API used to perform authentication against Security Support Providers such as NTLM and Kerberos.

Identity Sources for vCenter Server with vCenter Single Sign On

vCenter Server 5.1 with vCenter Single Sign On adds support for several new types of user repository. vCenter Server versions earlier than version 5.1 supported Active Directory and local operating system users as user repositories. vCenter Server 5.1 supports the following types of user repositories as identity sources.

Active Directory
OpenLDAP
Local operating system
System

Required vCenter Single Sign-On Database Users

When you use an existing database rather than the database bundled with vCenter Single Sign-On, the installation process requires database users with certain permissions.

When you install Single Sign-On installation using an existing database, the installer requires you to enter the user names and passwords of an existing database administrator and a database user.

When you install Single Sign-On with the bundled Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Express database, the installer creates two users:

A database administrator user (for example, RSA_DBA) and password, which are used to set up the Single Sign-On database schema.
A database user (for example, RSA_USER) and password, which are used to perform certain steps after the installation. The installer prompts you to enter the passwords for these users.

The RSA_DB is used for creating the schema (DDL) and requires DBO Permissions. RS_USER reads and writes data (Only DML)

Prerequisite for the vCenter Single Sign On Database

Create a vCenter Single Sign On database, unless you plan to install the bundled database.
If you are using an existing database with your vCenter Single Sign-On installation or upgrade, make sure that the table spaces are named RSA_DATA and RSA_INDEX. Any other table space names will cause the vCenter Single Sign-On Installation to fail.
If you are using an existing database for Single Sign On, to ensure that table space is created for the database, run the script rsaIMSLiteDBNameSetupTablespaces.sql. The script is included in the vCenter Server installer download package, at

vCenter Server Installation directory\Single Sign On\DBScripts\SSOServer\Schema\msssql

You can run the script prior to the vCenter Server upgrade, or during the upgrade, when you are prompted by the Single Sign On installer. You can leave the installer to run the script, and resume the installer after you run the script.
If you are using an existing database for Single Sign On, you must create a database user (RSA_USER) and database administrator (RSA_DBA) to use for the Single Sign On database installation and setup. To create these users, run the script rsaIMSLiteDBNameSetupUsers.sql. The script is included in the vCenter Server installer download package, at

vCenter Server Installation directory\Single Sign On\DBScripts\SSOServer\Schema\msssql

Procedure

Log into your SQL Management Server
Open SQL Management Studio
Double click on the first script

This will automatically open in SQL Management Studio
Read the notes at the top of the script
There are several places you need to change paths according to your environment – see below where it says CHANGE ME

Next Click Execute on the SQL Management Studio Toolbar
It should say Command(s) completed successfully and you should see the newly created RSA Database

Next double click on the second script

This will open in SQL Management Studio and you will need to modify the passwords as you require as per below

Click Execute
It should say Command(s) completed successfully
You should now see the following permissions set on the RSA Database Properties

And check the Default Security in SQL Management Studio to make sure your users have been created

Check the Properties of the RSA_USER account
Make sure it is mapped to the RSA Database

Check the Properties of the RSA_DBA account
Make sure it is mapped to the RSA Database

Procedure following the vCenter SQL Scripts

In the software installer directory, double-click the autorun.exe file to start the installer.
Select vCenter™Single Sign On and click Install.

Follow the prompts in the installation wizard to choose the installer language

Agree to the end user patent and license agreements.

Select Create the primary node for a new Single Sign On installation.

Select Install basic vCenter Single Sign On. Note: Even if you don’t want multiple instances now, you may want them in the future therefore you can keep your options open by selecting the second option – “Create the primary node for a new vCenter Single Sign-On installation

Set the password for the vCenter Single Sign-On administrator account.
The password must have at least eight characters, at least one lowercase character, one uppercase character, one number, and one special character.

Select the database type for vCenter Single Sign-On. I am going to use “Use an existing supported database”

Enter in the details of your previously created SSO DB and relevant users. If you are using an existing database, enter the JDBC connection information.

If you get the following error, do the following

Go to SQL Server Configuration Manager > SQL Server Network Configuration > Protocols for MSSQLSERVER. Double click on TCP/IP and make sure under IPAll, you have the correct SQL Port number.

and you will get this box

Note: I had another SQL Instance using 1433 which I had to change to another port number then change my MSSQLSERVER Instance TCP Port to 1433. Note: Restart the relevant services following these changes
Also check the following setting. Go to SQL Server Configuration Manager > SQL Server Network Configuration > Right click on Protocols for MSSQLSERVER. Force encryption should be No at the moment

Enter the FQDN or IP address for the vCenter Single Sign-On host machine.

(Optional) Enter the SSPI service account information.

You can use the default Windows NetworkService account, or enter the account information for a administrator user. This step applies only if you logged in as a domain account user to install Single Sign-On.
Choose a destination folder for installation

Choose your SSL Port

Ready to Install > Click Install

Useful Video Walkthrough courtesy of Christopher Wahl

http://wahlnetwork.com/2013/02/04/successfully-installing-vcenter-sso-part-1-sql-database/

VMware SSO FAQ

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2034918

Cloning Virtual Machines in VMware

July 11, 2013 Cloning No comments

Understanding Clones

A clone is a copy of an existing virtual machine. The existing virtual machine is called the parent of the clone. When the cloning operation is complete, the clone is a separate virtual machine — though it may share virtual disks with the parent virtual machine.

Changes made to a clone do not affect the parent virtual machine. Changes made to the parent virtual machine do not appear in a clone.

A clone’s MAC address and UUID are different from those of the parent virtual machine.

If you want to save the current state of the virtual machine, so you can revert to that state in case you make a mistake, take a snapshot. If you want to make a copy of a virtual machine for separate use, create a clone.

Full and Linked Clones

There are two types of clone:

A full clone is an independent copy of a virtual machine that shares nothing with the parent virtual machine after the cloning operation. Ongoing operation of a full clone is entirely separate from the parent virtual machine.

A linked clone is a copy of a virtual machine that shares virtual disks with the parent virtual machine in an ongoing manner. This conserves disk space, and allows multiple virtual machines to use the same software installation.

Full Clones

A full clone is an independent virtual machine, with no need to access or maintain an ongoing connection to the parent virtual machine. Because a full clone does not share virtual disks with the parent virtual machine, full clones generally perform better than linked clones. However, full clones take longer to create than linked clones. Creating a full clone can take several minutes if the files involved are large.

Linked Clones

A linked clone is made from a snapshot of the parent. All files available on the parent at the moment of the snapshot continue to remain available to the linked clone. Ongoing changes to the virtual disk of the parent do not affect the linked clone, and changes to the disk of the linked clone do not affect the parent.

A linked clone must access the parent. Without access to the parent, a linked clone is disabled.

Linked clones are created swiftly, so you can easily create a unique virtual machine for each task you have. You can also easily share a virtual machine with other users by storing the virtual machine on your local network, where other users can quickly make a linked clone. This facilitates collaboration: for example, a support team can reproduce a bug in a virtual machine, and an engineer can quickly make a linked clone of that virtual machine to work on the bug

The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard

The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard guides through the process of making a clone. You do not need to locate and manually copy the parent virtual machine files. The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard automatically creates a new MAC address and other unique identifiers for the clone.

Warning: Before you power on the virtual machine clone, understand the following

Virtual machines clones are issued a new Universally Unique Identifier (UUID). This affect user scripts and API calls to the UUID of the virtual machine.
Virtual machines clones are issued new MAC addresses for attached virtual network adapters. This may have an effect on software or licensing that is sensitive to MAC address changes.
Guest operating systems for virtual machine clones may share computer names and static IP addresses with their original counterparts. Be sure to account for this prior to power-on

Procedure

Right click on the VM you want to clone

Select Clone

Put in a name and choose your Inventory location

Choose the Host

Choose your Virtual Disk Format
Choose your Datastore

Click Next
Choose to Power on the Machine after creation
Choose one of the 2 Customisation options (I have an existing specification)
It is not recommended to choose Do Not Customise

Click Next
Review and edit virtual hardware if you need to
Finish

Guest Operating System Customization Requirements in VMware

July 11, 2013 Guest O/S Customization No comments

What is Guest Operating System Customization

Customizing guest operating systems can help prevent conflicts that can result if virtual machines with identical settings are deployed from a template or cloning, such as conflicts due to duplicate computer names and IP Addresses

You can specify the customization settings by choosing to launch the Guest Customization wizard during the cloning or deployment process. Alternatively, you can create customization specifications, which are customization settings stored in the vCenter Server database. During the cloning or deployment process, you can select a customization specification to apply to the new virtual machine.

Quick Note on Sysprep

The guest operating system customization feature in vCenter Server uses the functions of the Sysprep tool.

Microsoft has a different version of Sysprep for each release and service pack of Windows. You must use the version of Sysprep specific to the operating system you are deploying.The differences are not immediately visible in the packaging and documentation of the service packs

You will find the various versions of sysprep in the following directories on vCenter

Guest Operating System Customization Requirements

Guest operating system customization is supported only if a number of requirements are met.

The most current version of VMware Tools must be installed on the virtual machine or template to customize the guest operating system during cloning or deployment.
The guest operating system being customized must be installed on a disk attached as SCSI node 0:0 in the virtual machine configuration.
Virtual machines that reside on hosts running ESX Server 3.0.x or earlier have additional disk requirements:

Windows Requirements

On a Windows guest operating system, the active partition (the partition containing boot.ini) and the system partition (the partition containing the system directory, for example, \WINNT or WINDOWS) must be on the same virtual disk. The active partition and the system partition do not need to be the same partition
Microsoft Sysprep tools must be installed on the vCenter Server system. See Installing the Microsoft Sysprep Tools.
Microsoft Sysprep tools must be installed on the vCenter Server system. See Installing the Microsoft Sysprep Tools.
The ESX/ESXi host that the virtual machine is running on must be 3.5 or later
Guest operating system customization is supported on multiple Windows operating systems. To verify customization support for Windows operating systems and compatible ESX/ESXi hosts, see VMware vSphere Compatibility Matrix

Linux Requirements

On a Linux guest operating system, the virtual disk containing the system partition (the partition containing the /etc directory) must reside on the SCSI 0:0 node.)
Perl must be installed in the Linux guest operating system.
The clone or template must have a root volume formatted with an ext2, ext3, or ReiserFS file system

Procedure

Log into vCenter
Click Home > Customization Specification Manager
Click New
Choose Windows or Linux for the Target Virtual Machine O/S
Choose a name for your Customization Specification Information

Click Next
Type in Name and Organisation

I would use Choose “Use the Virtual Machine Name”

Click Next
Put in your Volume Licensing Key
Include Server Licensing Information if you are customising a server guest operating system
Select Per Seat or Per Server

Click Next
Put in a password for the Admin account
Select whether you want to login automatically (Choice is up to you)

Click Next
Choose Timezone

Click Next
Specify any Run once commands

Click Next and this takes you into Network customisation
You can choose Typical or Custom.

Typical will just assign a DHCP Address which you can change afterwards
With Custom, you get the following choices

If you click New, it will let you add a new adapter say if you wanted a second nic for backup

If you click the radio button to the side, you get a whole set of options as per below

Click Next
Choose whether you want to join your domain automatically

Click Next
Generate a new SID

Click Next
Review your settings

Finish

Upgrading vSphere 4.1 to vSphere 5.1

July 2, 2013 Upgrading No comments

Upgrading is a multistage process in which procedures must be performed in a particular order. Follow the process outlined in this high-level overview to ensure a smooth upgrade with a minimum of system downtime. Make sure that you understand the entire upgrade process before you attempt to upgrade. If you do not follow the safeguards, you might lose data and lose access to your servers. Without planning, you might incur more downtime than is necessary

vCenter Single Sign-On
Inventory Service
vCenter Server

Datacentres continue to evolve. This evolution involves increasingly larger and more complex datacentres. Due to technologies such as cloud computing and distributed applications, administrators must have scalable tools and services to manage these environments in the most efficient manner possible. The longer you do not upgrade the less new beneficial features you will be able to take advantage of to provide an improved and scalable platform

Example Environment

This is an upgrade document targeted at

1 x MS Windows 2008 R2 VMware vCenter VM
1 x MS SQL Server 2008 R2 VM running the VMware vCenter DB + Update Manager DB
25 x VMware ESXi 4.1 U3 Hosts
No external Certificates

Planning Tasks

The upgrade to vCenter Server 5.1 includes a database schema upgrade and an upgrade of the vCenter Server Software.

vSphere 5.1 introduces vCenter Single Sign On service as part of the vCenter Server management infrastructure. This change affects vCenter Server installation, upgrading, and operation

You need to check every single point of the VMware Upgrade Guide and make sure you know exactly what you are doing and how to recover from any potential issues

Always use the “Run as Administrator” option. It can cause you to get random error messages because your account even if it is administrator can be denied rights to certain actions

Check the Interoperability Matrix

Check Host BIOS Version and Upgrade if necessary

Make sure hosts reach the minimum hardware configuration

Make sure vCenter meets the minimum hardware requirements

Make sure Single Sign On meets the minimum hardware requirements

Make sure Inventory Service meets the minimum requirements (if installed separately)

Make sure Inventory Service meets the minimum requirements (if installed on the same server as vCenter)

Make sure the server you install vSphere client on is supported

Make sure the server and web browser is supported for vSphere Web Client

Check JVM Settings (Can be set during vCenter Install)

Check the Database Authentication Mode

Make sure TCP/IP is enabled in SQL Server Configuration Manager

Always check with your vendor. E.g Dell, HP, IBM to see if they offer a customised ISO for VMware vSphere EXi5.X. These can provide extra features and functionality you may not get from the vanilla version via VMware

Make sure Active Directory, DNS and time synchronisation is working correctly

Upgrade your current licensing via your portal

Backup your vCenter and vCenter Update Manager Database via Backup Software and within SQL Management Studio

Backup SSL Certs to a separate location

Run the vCenter Host Agent Pre-Upgrade Checker and resolve any issues

Snapshot the vCenter DB Server and the vCenter VM (If Virtual Servers)

Stop the VMware Virtual Center Service

Important Notes about SSO

Install vCenter Single Sign On

Confirm Active Directory Domains

Install the vCenter Web Client

Upgrade the Inventory Service

Important Notes about the vCenter Install

Install vCenter

Upgrade the vSphere Client to v5.1

Upgrade Update Manager

Upgrade the Update Manager Client Plugin

Upgrade the Hosts

Upgrade VMware Tools

Upgrade VM Hardware Version

Upgrade Datastores from VMFS3 to VMFS5

Upgrade Virtual Distributed Switches to v5.1

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services on VMware

May 29, 2013 AD LDS No comments

What is AD LDS?

AD LDS is a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory service that provides flexible support for directory-enabled applications, without the dependencies that are required for Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS). AD LDS provides much of the same functionality as AD DS, but it does not require the deployment of domains or domain controllers. You can run multiple instances of AD LDS concurrently on a single computer, with an independently managed schema for each AD LDS instance.

AD DS provides directory services for both the Microsoft® Windows Server server operating system and for directory-enabled applications. For the server operating system, AD DS stores critical information about the network infrastructure, users and groups, network services, and so on. In this role, AD DS must adhere to a single schema throughout an entire forest.

The AD LDS server role, on the other hand, provides directory services specifically for directory-enabled applications. AD LDS does not require or rely on Active Directory domains or forests. However, in environments where AD DS exists, AD LDS can use AD DS for the authentication of Windows security principals.

How does ADLDS apply to Applications?

AD LDS can store “private” directory data, which is relevant only to the application, in a local directory service—possibly on the same server as the application—without requiring any additional configuration to the server operating system directory. This data, which is relevant only to the application and which does not have to be widely replicated, is stored solely in the AD LDS directory that is associated with the application. This solution reduces replication traffic on the network between domain controllers that serve the server operating system directory. However, if necessary you can configure this data to be replicated between multiple AD LDS instances.

VMware Considerations

With the introduction of vSphere 4.x, vCenter 4.x started using

Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) on Windows Server 2003
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) on Windows Server 2008

This Mode/Service accommodates information relating to

Linked Mode
Licensing
Roles
Permissions for vCenter
Inventory Service

The roles and permissions are stored in the ADAM or AD LDS database which is called VMwareVCMSDS. In order to restore the roles and permissions, the ADAM or AD LDS database must be backed up. This data is regularly backed up every 5 minutes to the vCenter Server database in the VPX_BINARY_DATA table

vCenter Visibility

Control Panel

VMwareVCMSDS Service

It is not recommended to uninstall this service unless you have a backup of the vCenter Server and vCenter Server Database Server!

Changing the queue depth for QLogic and Emulex HBAs in VMware 4

May 7, 2013 Storage No comments

If the performance of your hardware bus adapters (HBAs) is unsatisfactory, or your SAN storage processors or heads are over-utilized, you can adjust your ESXi/ESX hosts’ maximum queue depth value. The maximum value refers to the queue depths reported for various paths to the LUN. When you lower this value, it throttles the ESXi/ESX host’s throughput and alleviates SAN contention concerns if multiple hosts are over-utilizing the storage and are filling its command queue.

When one virtual machine is active on a LUN, you only need to set the maximum queue depth. When multiple virtual machines are active on a LUN, the Disk.SchedNumRegOutstanding value is also relevant. The queue depth value, in this case, is equal to whichever value is the lowest of the two settings: adapter queue depth or Disk.SchedNumReqOutstanding

Instructions

On vSphere 4, go to Hosts and Clusters > Configuration > Software . Advanced Settings
Highlight Disk and scroll down to Disk.SchedNumReqOutstanding

Change Queue Depth to 64
Open Putty or Local Console
Verify which HBA module is currently loaded by entering one of these commands on the service console:
vmkload_mod -l | grep qla
vmkload_mod | grep lpfc

As you can see the first command did not return anything but the second command returned information about the Emulex driver
To modify Q Logic, do the following

To modify Emulex, do the following

For multiple instances of Emulex HBAs being presented to a system, use:

Reboot your host
Run this command to confirm if your changes are applied
esxcfg-module -g driver. Where driver is your QLogic or Emulex adapter driver module, such as lpfc820 or qla2xxx.

VMware Links

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?cmd=displayKC&docType=kc&docTypeID=DT_KB_1_1&externalId=1267

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Archive for VMware

Using VMware VisualEsxtop

VMware vCenter 5 Attributes and Tags

Optimising SQL Server for VMware vCenter

Using VMware’s Host Agent Pre Upgrade Checker and Database Pre Upgrade Checker

Installing SSO as part of the vSphere 5.x Upgrade process

Cloning Virtual Machines in VMware

Guest Operating System Customization Requirements in VMware

Upgrading vSphere 4.1 to vSphere 5.1

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services on VMware

Changing the queue depth for QLogic and Emulex HBAs in VMware 4

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Don't think about what can happen in a month. Don't think what can happen in a year. Just focus on the 24 hours in front of you and do what you can to get closer to where you want to be :-)

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